Endoscope control unit with braking system

ABSTRACT

A control unit that includes a braking system for fixing the position of an endoscope tip is provided. The control system includes an up-down control knob and a right-left control knob. The brakes are engaged by rotating the control knob itself counter-clockwise from a free wheeling position. After the brakes have been engaged, a sufficient amount of force applied to the control knobs will move the endoscope tip slightly in the corresponding direction, allowing for fine tuning of tip position after braking.

CROSS-REFERENCE

The present application is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/278,221, entitled “Endoscope Control Unit with Braking System”, and filed on May 15, 2014, which, in turn, relies on U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/824,634, entitled “Control Unit For An Endoscope Having An Articulation Unit” and filed on May 17, 2013, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/837,108, of the same title and filed on Jun. 19, 2013, for priority. The above-mentioned applications are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.

FIELD

The present specification relates generally to endoscopes, and more specifically, to a control unit comprising a braking system for maneuvering the tip of an endoscope and fixing the tip at a desired position.

BACKGROUND

An endoscope is a medical instrument used for examining and treating internal body parts such as the alimentary canals, airways, the gastrointestinal system, and other organ systems. Conventionally used endoscopes have at least a flexible tube carrying a fiber optic light guide for directing light from an external light source situated at a proximal end of the tube to a distal tip. Also, most endoscopes are provided with one or more channels, through which medical devices, such as forceps, probes, and other tools, are passed. Further, during an endoscopic procedure, fluids, such as water, saline, drugs, contrast material, dyes, or emulsifiers are often introduced or evacuated via the flexible tube. A plurality of channels, one each for introduction and suctioning of liquids, may be provided within the flexible tube.

Endoscopes have attained great acceptance within the medical community since they provide a means for performing procedures with minimal patient trauma while enabling the physician to view the internal anatomy of the patient. Over the years, numerous endoscopes have been developed and categorized according to specific applications, such as cystoscopy, colonoscopy, laparoscopy, and upper GI endoscopy among others. Endoscopes are usually inserted into the body's natural orifices or through an incision in the skin.

In many endoscopes the distal end of an insertion tube is capable of being articulated by a steering mechanism that includes a pair of external control wheels coupled to steering cables mounted inside the insertion tube. Rotation of one of the control wheels produces an up or down deflection of the distal tip of the insertion tube while rotation of the second control wheel produces a left or right deflection of the insertion tube tip. By operating the two control wheels, the distal end of the insertion tube can be pointed at a desired target within the range of the instrument or maneuvered through a tortuous path of travel.

Further, the control wheels or knobs are locked through respective braking mechanisms, thereby causing the distal end of the insertion tube to be fixed in a desired position.

For example, German patent application DE 20 2011 109 769 U1, filed on Jul. 1, 2011 and assigned to the applicant of the present specification, discloses an endoscope having an articulation unit. The deflection of the articulation unit (also called curvature device), and thus of the distal end of the endoscope is effected by means of cables. In each case, two cables arranged opposite each other on the outer circumference of the articulation unit are connected to form a cable pair. The cable pairs are attached in such a way to cable drums that can be adjusted by rotary knobs so that the distal end of the articulation unit carries out a movement upwards or downwards (up/down; U-D) or a movement in a direction right or left (right/left; R-L).

When a human body is examined using an endoscope having an articulation unit, on occasions it can be advantageous to fix the deflection of the articulation unit. As mentioned, usually this is accomplished by means of a locking device, also called a brake, that prevents the cable drum(s) from rotating.

Known braking or locking devices often are of a complicated design. What is needed is an efficient braking system that enables an operating physician to easily fix the endoscope insertion tube tip in a desired position when required and just as easily move the tip in a desired direction.

There is therefore a need for a system that ensures smooth directional readjustment of right and left (or up and down) movement of the insertion tube tip after applying a brake for fixing the end position. There is also need for a watertight braking system that provides a complete separation of free movement and locking operations.

SUMMARY

A control unit for use with an endoscope for maneuvering the tip of a distal end of an endoscope insertion tube is provided. The endoscope tip is easily moved in up and down as well as right and left directions by using the control unit of the present specification.

The control unit includes a braking system that allows for fixing the position of the endoscope tip.

The present specification discloses a control unit providing a braking system for an articulation unit of endoscope, said control unit comprising: a first shaft having a first end and a second end, the first end being coupled with a first operating knob, the second end being coupled with a first cable drum and a first cable pair that are coupled with the articulation unit of the endoscope, wherein at least a portion of the first shaft in proximity to the first operating knob includes a space; a second hollow shaft having a first end and a second end, the first end being coupled with a second operating knob, the second end being coupled with a second cable drum and a second cable pair that are coupled with the articulation unit of the endoscope, wherein the first shaft is positioned within the second shaft; a brake knob rotatable about its center axis; a stationary sleeve arranged between the first and the second shafts; a spring supported by the first shaft in proximity to the first end of the first shaft; a pin extending into the space of the first shaft and coupled to said brake knob by the spring, wherein said pin has a first position and a second position; and at least one brake body extending outwardly from said pin, wherein said at least one brake body does not press against the stationary sleeve when the pin is in the first position; wherein the pin is movable from the first position into the second position by rotational motion of said brake knob in a first rotational direction and compression of said spring, wherein said at least one brake body becomes pressed against said stationary sleeve when said pin is in said second position, thereby locking said first shaft and braking the articulation unit in a predetermined direction, and wherein said pin is movable from said second position into said first position by rotational motion of said brake knob in a second rotational direction opposite said first rotational direction, thereby allowing the compressive force of said spring to push said pin into said first position.

Optionally, said pin includes at least two brake bodies.

The predetermined direction may be a right/left (R/L) direction.

The brake knob may be of concentric design and positioned above the first operating knob for braking the articulation unit in a predetermined direction.

Optionally, the pin is held in the second position by a latching mechanism. Still optionally, said latching mechanism comprises a control pin extending outwardly from said pin and a spiral groove having an upper portion and a lower portion with a recess formed in a wall of the first shaft. The control pin may be free to move within said spiral groove of said latching mechanism when said pin is in said first position. The control pin may be latched into said recess of said lower portion of said spiral groove when said pin is in said second position.

Optionally, a sealing element is provided between the first shaft and the first stationary sleeve.

The present specification also discloses a control unit providing a braking system for an articulation unit of endoscope, said control unit comprising: a first shaft having a first end and a second end, the first end being coupled with a first operating knob, the second end being coupled with a first cable drum, a first cable pair, and the articulation unit of the endoscope, at least a portion of the first shaft in proximity of the first operating knob including a space; a second hollow shaft having a first end and a second end, the first end being coupled with a second operating knob, the second end being coupled with a second cable drum, a second cable pair, and the articulation unit of the endoscope, the first shaft is positioned within the second shaft; a brake disc having a central opening through which said second shaft extends, said brake disc being in physical contact with the second shaft; a stationary sleeve surrounding at least a portion of the second shaft; a brake base positioned below said brake disc, having a central opening through which said second shaft extends and comprising a first control edge; a brake lid positioned above said brake base and said brake disc, coupled to said brake base, having a central opening through which said second shaft extends and comprising a second control edge; a spring positioned between said brake base and said brake lid; a brake bushing positioned between said brake base and said brake lid and below said brake disc, having a central opening through which said second shaft extends and being movable vertically between first and second brake bushing positions; and a brake handle attached to said brake base for rotating said brake base and brake lid; wherein said brake bushing is movable from said first position to said second position by rotating said brake handle in a first rotational direction, causing said brake bushing to move upward and compress said brake disc against said brake lid, thereby locking the second shaft and braking the articulation unit in a predetermined direction, further wherein said brake bushing is movable from said second position into said first position by rotational motion of said brake handle in a second rotational direction opposite said first rotational direction, allowing the compressive force of said spring to push said brake bushing into said first position.

The predetermined direction may be an up/down (U/D) direction.

The brake handle may be of concentric design and positioned below the second operating knob for braking the articulation unit in a predetermined direction.

Optionally, the brake base, lid, and bushing are supported by a housing surrounding the brake disc.

Optionally, the brake bushing comprises negative indentations on a surface for fitting into one or more positive indentations on a surface of the lid, compressing the brake bushing and the brake disc to the lid in the second position of the brake bushing. Optionally, in the first position of the brake bushing, the negative indentations on the surface of the brake bushing are not aligned with the positive indentations on the surface of the lid and the brake disc is freely movable.

The present specification also discloses an endoscope comprising a braking system for an articulation unit of the endoscope, said braking system comprising: a first shaft having a first end and a second end, the first end being coupled with a first operating knob, the second end being coupled with a first cable drum that is coupled with a first cable pair that is coupled with the articulation unit of the endoscope, at least a portion of the first shaft in proximity of the first operating knob having a space; a second hollow shaft having a first end and a second end, the first end being coupled with a second operating knob, the second end being coupled with a second cable drum that is coupled with a second cable pair that is coupled with the articulation unit of the endoscope, the first shaft is positioned within the second shaft; a right/left movement controller unit comprising: a brake knob rotatable about its center axis; a first stationary sleeve arranged between the first and the second shafts; a first spring being supported by the first shaft in proximity to the first end; a pin having a tapered distal end and extending into the space of the first shaft in a first pin position; and three brake bodies extending outwardly from said pin and positioned equidistant from one another about a periphery of said pin; wherein the pin is movable from the first pin position into a second pin position further into the space of the first shaft by rotational motion of said brake knob in a first brake knob rotational direction and compression of said first spring, wherein each of said brake bodies becomes pressed against said first stationary sleeve when said pin is in said second pin position, thereby locking said first shaft and braking the articulation unit in a first predetermined direction; further wherein said pin is movable from said second pin position into said first pin position by rotational motion of said brake knob in a second brake knob rotational direction opposite said first brake knob rotational direction, allowing the compressive force of said first spring to push said pin into said first pin position.

Optionally, said braking system further comprises an up/down movement controller unit comprising: a brake disc having a central opening through which said second shaft extends, said brake disc being in physical contact with the second shaft; a second stationary sleeve surrounding at least a portion of the second shaft; a brake base positioned below said brake disc, having a central opening through which said second shaft extends and comprising a first control edge; a brake lid positioned above said brake base and said brake disc, coupled to said brake base, having a central opening through which said second shaft extends and comprising a second control edge; a second spring positioned between said brake base and said brake lid; a brake bushing positioned between said brake base and said brake lid and below said brake disc, having a central opening through which said second shaft extends and being movable vertically between first and second brake bushing positions; and a brake handle attached to said brake base for rotating said brake base and brake lid; wherein said brake bushing is movable from said first brake bushing position to said second brake bushing position by rotating said brake handle in a first brake handle rotational direction, causing said brake bushing to move upward and compress said brake disc against said brake lid, thereby locking the second shaft and braking the articulation unit in a second predetermined direction, further wherein said brake bushing is movable from said second brake bushing position into said first brake bushing position by rotational motion of said brake handle in a second brake handle rotational direction opposite said first brake handle rotational direction, allowing the compressive force of said second spring to push said brake bushing into said first brake bushing position.

The pin may be held in the second pin position by a latching mechanism. Optionally, said latching mechanism comprises a control pin extending outwardly from said pin and a spiral groove having an upper portion and a lower portion with a recess formed in a wall of the first shaft. The control pin may be free to move within said spiral groove of said latching mechanism when said pin is in said first position and said control pin may be latched into said recess of said lower portion of said spiral groove when said pin is in said second position.

Optionally, a sealing element is provided between the first shaft and the first stationary sleeve.

Optionally, the brake bushing comprises negative indentations on a surface for fitting into one or more positive indentations on a surface of the lid, compressing the brake bushing and the brake disc to the lid in the second position of the brake bushing.

The present specification also discloses a control unit providing a braking system for an articulation unit of endoscope, said control unit comprising: a first shaft having a first end and a second end, the first end being coupled with a first operating knob, the second end being coupled with a first cable drum and a first cable pair that are coupled with the articulation unit of the endoscope, wherein at least a portion of the first shaft in proximity to the first operating knob is hollow; a second hollow shaft having a first end and a second end, the first end being coupled with a second operating knob, the second end being coupled with a second cable drum and a second cable pair that are coupled with the articulation unit of the endoscope, wherein the first shaft is positioned within the second shaft; a brake knob rotatable about its center axis; a stationary sleeve arranged between the first and the second shafts; a spring supported by the first shaft in proximity to the first end of the first shaft; a pin extending into the hollow portion of the first shaft and coupled to said brake knob by the spring, wherein said pin has a first position and a second position; and a brake body extending outwardly from said pin, wherein said brake body does not press against the stationary sleeve when the pin is in the first position; wherein the pin is movable from the first position into the second position by rotational motion of said brake knob in a first rotational direction and compression of said spring, wherein said brake body becomes pressed against said stationary sleeve when said pin is in said second position, thereby locking said first shaft and braking the articulation unit in a predetermined direction, and wherein said pin is movable from said second position into said first position by rotational motion of said brake knob in a second rotational direction opposite said first rotational direction, thereby allowing the compressive force of said spring to push said pin into said first position.

In one embodiment, the predetermined direction is a right/left (R/L) direction.

In one embodiment, the brake knob is of concentric design and positioned above the first operating knob for braking the articulation unit in a predetermined direction.

Optionally, in one embodiment, the pin is held in the second position by a latching mechanism. In one embodiment, the latching mechanism comprises a control pin extending outwardly from said pin and a spiral groove having an upper portion and a lower portion with a recess formed in a wall of the first shaft. In one embodiment, the control pin is free to move within said spiral groove of said latching mechanism when said pin is in said first position. In one embodiment, the control pin is latched into said recess of said lower portion of said spiral groove when said pin is in said second position.

Optionally, in one embodiment, a sealing element is provided between the first shaft and the first stationary sleeve.

The present specification also discloses a control unit providing a braking system for an articulation unit of endoscope, said control unit comprising: a first shaft having a first end and a second end, the first end being coupled with a first operating knob, the second end being coupled with a first cable drum, a first cable pair, and the articulation unit of the endoscope, at least a portion of the first shaft in proximity of the first operating knob being hollow; a second hollow shaft having a first end and a second end, the first end being coupled with a second operating knob, the second end being coupled with a second cable drum, a second cable pair, and the articulation unit of the endoscope, the first shaft is positioned within the second shaft; a brake disc having a central opening through which said second shaft extends, said brake disc being in physical contact with the second shaft; a stationary sleeve surrounding at least a portion of the second shaft; a brake base positioned below said brake disc, having a central opening through which said second shaft extends and comprising a first control edge; a brake lid positioned above said brake base and said brake disc, coupled to said brake base, having a central opening through which said second shaft extends and comprising a second control edge; a spring positioned between said brake base and said brake lid; a brake bushing positioned between said brake base and said brake lid and below said brake disc, having a central opening through which said second shaft extends and being movable vertically between first and second brake bushing positions; and a brake handle attached to said brake base for rotating said brake base and brake lid; wherein said brake bushing is movable from said first position to said second position by rotating said brake handle in a first rotational direction, causing said brake bushing to move upward and compress said brake disc against said brake lid, thereby locking the second shaft and braking the articulation unit in a predetermined direction, further wherein said brake bushing is movable from said second position into said first position by rotational motion of said brake handle in a second rotational direction opposite said first rotational direction, allowing the compressive force of said spring to push said brake bushing into said first position.

In one embodiment, the predetermined direction is an up/down (U/D) direction.

In one embodiment, the brake handle is of concentric design and positioned below the second operating knob for braking the articulation unit in a predetermined direction.

Optionally, in one embodiment, the brake base, lid, and bushing are supported by a housing surrounding the brake disc.

In one embodiment, the brake bushing comprises negative indentations on a surface for fitting into one or more positive indentations on a surface of the lid, compressing the brake bushing and the brake disc to the lid in the second position of the brake bushing. In one embodiment, in the first position of the brake bushing, the negative indentations on the surface of the brake bushing are not aligned with the positive indentations on the surface of the lid and the brake disc is freely movable.

The present specification also discloses an endoscope comprising a braking system for an articulation unit of the endoscope, said braking system comprising: a first shaft having a first end and a second end, the first end being coupled with a first operating knob, the second end being coupled with a first cable drum that is coupled with a first cable pair that is coupled with the articulation unit of the endoscope, at least a portion of the first shaft in proximity of the first operating knob being hollow; a second hollow shaft having a first end and a second end, the first end being coupled with a second operating knob, the second end being coupled with a second cable drum that is coupled with a second cable pair that is coupled with the articulation unit of the endoscope, the first shaft is positioned within the second shaft; a right/left movement controller unit comprising: a brake knob rotatable about its center axis; a first stationary sleeve arranged between the first and the second shafts; a first spring being supported by the first shaft in proximity to the first end; a pin extending into the hollow portion of the first shaft in a first pin position; and a brake body extending outwardly from said pin; wherein the pin is movable from the first pin position into a second pin position further into the hollow portion of the first shaft by rotational motion of said brake knob in a first brake knob rotational direction and compression of said first spring, wherein said brake body becomes pressed against said first stationary sleeve when said pin is in said second pin position, thereby locking said first shaft and braking the articulation unit in a first predetermined direction; further wherein said pin is movable from said second pin position into said first pin position by rotational motion of said brake knob in a second brake knob rotational direction opposite said first brake knob rotational direction, allowing the compressive force of said first spring to push said pin into said first pin position; and an up/down movement controller unit comprising: a brake disc having a central opening through which said second shaft extends, said brake disc being in physical contact with the second shaft; a second stationary sleeve surrounding at least a portion of the second shaft; a brake base positioned below said brake disc, having a central opening through which said second shaft extends and comprising a first control edge; a brake lid positioned above said brake base and said brake disc, coupled to said brake base, having a central opening through which said second shaft extends and comprising a second control edge; a second spring positioned between said brake base and said brake lid; a brake bushing positioned between said brake base and said brake lid and below said brake disc, having a central opening through which said second shaft extends and being movable vertically between first and second brake bushing positions; and a brake handle attached to said brake base for rotating said brake base and brake lid; wherein said brake bushing is movable from said first brake bushing position to said second brake bushing position by rotating said brake handle in a first brake handle rotational direction, causing said brake bushing to move upward and compress said brake disc against said brake lid, thereby locking the second shaft and braking the articulation unit in a second predetermined direction, further wherein said brake bushing is movable from said second brake bushing position into said first brake bushing position by rotational motion of said brake handle in a second brake handle rotational direction opposite said first brake handle rotational direction, allowing the compressive force of said second spring to push said brake bushing into said first brake bushing position.

Optionally, in one embodiment, the pin is held in the second pin position by a latching mechanism. In one embodiment, the latching mechanism comprises a control pin extending outwardly from said pin and a spiral groove having an upper portion and a lower portion with a recess formed in a wall of the first shaft. In one embodiment, the control pin is free to move within said spiral groove of said latching mechanism when said pin is in said first position and said control pin is latched into said recess of said lower portion of said spiral groove when said pin is in said second position.

Optionally, in one embodiment, a sealing element is provided between the first shaft and the first stationary sleeve.

In one embodiment, the brake bushing comprises negative indentations on a surface for fitting into one or more positive indentations on a surface of the lid, compressing the brake bushing and the brake disc to the lid in the second position of the brake bushing.

In one embodiment, the present specification describes a control unit providing a braking system for an articulation unit of an endoscope, said control unit comprising: a first shaft having a first end and a second end, the first end being coupled with a first operating knob, the second end being coupled with a first cable drum coupled with a first cable pair coupled with the articulation unit of the endoscope, at least a portion of the first shaft in proximity of the first operating knob being hollow; a second hollow shaft having a first end and a second end, the first end being coupled with a second operating knob, the second end being coupled with a second cable drum coupled with a second cable pair coupled with the articulation unit of the endoscope, the first shaft penetrating the second shaft; a first stationary sleeve arranged between the first and the second shafts; a brake body being radially displaceable in at least one radial opening made in a wall of the hollow portion of the first shaft; a spring being supported by the first shaft in proximity to the first end; and a pin extending into the hollow portion of the first shaft in a first position, the pin being movable from the first position into a second position out of the hollow portion of the first shaft by a force of the spring, the pin in the second position pushing the brake body out of the radial opening of the first shaft, the brake body being pressed against the first stationary sleeve locking the first shaft, thereby braking the articulation unit in a predetermined direction. In an embodiment, the control unit causes braking of the articulation unit in a right/left (R/L) direction.

In an embodiment, the pin is mounted in the first shaft for countering the force of the spring.

In an embodiment, the pin is moved from the first position into the second position by one of a translation and a rotation motion.

In an embodiment, the control unit further comprises a brake knob of concentric design positioned above the first operating knob for braking the articulation unit in a predetermined direction.

In an embodiment, the pin is held in the first position by a latching device comprising a control pin extending radially from the pin, the control pin being receivable in a spiral groove formed in a wall of the first shaft. In an embodiment, a sealing element is provided between the first shaft and the first stationary sleeve.

In another embodiment, the present specification provides a control unit providing a braking system for an articulation unit of an endoscope, said control unit comprising: a first shaft having a first end and a second end, the first end being coupled with a first operating knob, the second end being coupled with a first cable drum coupled with a first cable pair coupled with the articulation unit of the endoscope, at least a portion of the first shaft in proximity of the first operating knob being hollow; a second hollow shaft having a first end and a second end, the first end being coupled with a second operating knob, the second end being coupled with a second cable drum coupled with a second cable pair coupled with the articulation unit of the endoscope, the first shaft penetrating the second shaft; a brake disc coupled with the second shaft; a stationary sleeve surrounding at least a portion of the second shaft, the stationary sleeve supporting a spring on a first control edge; a brake element comprising a second control edge being supported by the first control edge of the stationary sleeve in a first position for countering a force of the spring, the spring creating frictional force between the brake disc and the brake element, said brake element being movable from the first position into a second position exerting pressure on the brake disc locking the second shaft, thereby braking the articulation unit in a predetermined direction. In an embodiment, the control unit causes braking of the articulation unit in an up/down (U/D) direction.

In an embodiment, the control unit further comprises a brake knob of concentric design positioned above the second operating knob for braking the articulation unit in a predetermined direction.

In an embodiment, the brake element is supported by a housing surrounding the brake disc.

In an embodiment, the brake element comprises at least a brake bushing, a brake drum and a lid, the brake disc being positioned between the brake bushing and the lid, the brake bushing comprising negative indentations on a surface for fitting into one or more positive indentations on a surface of the lid compressing the brake bushing and the brake disc to the lid in the second position of the brake element. In the first position of the brake element, the negative indentations on the surface of the brake bushing are not aligned with the positive indentations on the surface of the lid and the brake disc is freely movable.

In an embodiment, the control unit further comprises a brake handle being rotated from a first position to a second position for causing the brake element to move from the first position to the second position.

The aforementioned and other embodiments of the present specification shall be described in greater depth in the drawings and detailed description provided below.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other features and advantages of the present invention will be appreciated, as they become better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of a distal end of a multi-viewing elements endoscope, in accordance with an embodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 2 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a bending section of a multi-viewing elements endoscope, in accordance with an embodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 3 illustrates a multi-viewing elements endoscopy system, in accordance with an embodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 4A illustrates a cross-sectional view of a handle of an endoscope comprising a braking system, in accordance with an embodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 4B illustrates a close-up cross-sectional view of an alternative arrangement of a first shaft and a first stationary sleeve within a control unit, in accordance with an embodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 4C illustrates an enlarged cross-sectional view of the first shaft within the control unit depicted in FIG. 4B;

FIG. 4D illustrates a perspective view of the respective positions of three brake bodies within a first shaft, in accordance with some embodiments of the present specification;

FIG. 5A illustrates an embodiment of a latching mechanism incorporated in an endoscope braking system facilitating freewheeling and arrest operation for controlling the right-left movement of the endoscope tip, depicting a control pin in a first position;

FIG. 5B illustrates the embodiment of the latching mechanism incorporated in an endoscope braking system of FIG. 5A, depicting the control pin in a second position;

FIG. 6A illustrates cross-sectional side and top down views of one embodiment of a portion of a braking system for controlling an up-down (U-D) movement of an endoscope tip, depicting a brake handle in a first position;

FIG. 6B illustrates cross-sectional side and top down views of the embodiment of a portion of a braking system for controlling an up-down (U-D) movement of an endoscope tip of FIG. 6A, depicting the brake handle in a second position;

FIG. 6C illustrates cross-sectional side and top down views of one embodiment of a handle of an endoscope, depicting an up-down (U-D) braking system disengaged; and,

FIG. 6D illustrates cross-sectional side and top down views of the embodiment of the handle of an endoscope of FIG. 6C, depicting the up-down (U-D) braking system engaged.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In one embodiment, the present specification discloses an endoscope having a tip section equipped with multiple viewing elements. In one embodiment, a braking system for fixing a tip of the endoscope in a desired position is provided.

In an embodiment, the endoscope of the present specification comprises a handle from which an elongated shaft emerges. The elongated shaft terminates with a tip section which is turnable by way of a bending section. In an embodiment, the endoscope comprises a plurality of steering cable eyes, positioned on the internal walls of the bending section. Through these eyes, steering cables are threaded to enable the maneuvering of the bending section comprising the tip of the endoscope. In an embodiment, the handle is used for maneuvering the elongated shaft within a body cavity by means of one or more knobs which control the bending section. In an embodiment, the braking system of the present specification ensures that a directional readjustment of right and left (or up and down) movement of the endoscope tip is possible. Further, the movement of the endoscope tip in the right-left direction or the up-down direction can be arrested using the braking system.

The present specification is directed towards multiple embodiments. The following disclosure is provided in order to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to practice the invention. Language used in this specification should not be interpreted as a general disavowal of any one specific embodiment or used to limit the claims beyond the meaning of the terms used therein. The general principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments and applications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Also, the terminology and phraseology used is for the purpose of describing exemplary embodiments and should not be considered limiting. Thus, the present invention is to be accorded the widest scope encompassing numerous alternatives, modifications and equivalents consistent with the principles and features disclosed. For purpose of clarity, details relating to technical material that is known in the technical fields related to the invention have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1, a perspective view of a distal end of a multi-viewing elements endoscope 100, in accordance with an embodiment of the present specification, is shown. A tip section 107 of the endoscope 100 includes therein a front-pointing viewing element 104 for capturing images through a hole in a distal end surface 106 of the tip section.

A discrete front illuminator 108, which is, in an embodiment, a light-emitting diode (LED), is associated with front-pointing viewing element 104 and used for illuminating its field of view through another hole in distal end surface 106.

A front fluid injector 110 is used for cleaning at least one of front-pointing viewing element 104 and discrete front illuminator 108. In one embodiment, front fluid injector 110 further includes a nozzle 110 e for directing fluid toward at least one of front-pointing viewing element 104 and discrete front illuminator 108. Distal end surface 106 further includes a hole defining a working channel 112, which may be a hollow tube configured for insertion of a surgical tool to operate on various tissues. A pathway fluid injector 114, defined by another hole in distal end surface 106, is used for inflating and/or cleaning the body cavity into which endoscope 100 is inserted.

Tip section 107 further comprises therein a side-pointing viewing element 116 used for capturing images through a hole in a cylindrical surface 105 of the tip section 107. A discrete side illuminator 122, which is optionally similar to discrete front illuminator 108, in one embodiment, is associated with side-pointing viewing element 116 and used for illuminating its field of view through another hole in cylindrical surface 105.

A side fluid injector 120 is used for cleaning at least one of side-pointing viewing element 116 and discrete side illuminator 122. In one embodiment, side fluid injector 120 further includes a nozzle 120 e for directing fluid toward at least one of side-pointing viewing element 116 and discrete side illuminator 122. In order to prevent tissue damage when cylindrical surface 105 of tip section 107 contacts a side wall of the body cavity, side fluid injector 120 and side-pointing viewing element 116, in one embodiment, are located in a depression 118 in the cylindrical surface 105. In an alternative configuration (not shown), one or more discrete side illuminators may also be included in the depression, so that fluid injected from the side fluid injector reaches them. In yet another configuration (not shown), a side-pointing viewing element, one or more side illuminators and a side fluid injector may not be located in a depression, but rather be on essentially the same level as the cylindrical surface of the tip section. Further, in other embodiments, another side-pointing viewing element, one or more additional side illuminators, and another side fluid injector are positioned, within a depression or on the surface level, on another side or on the opposite side of the cylindrical surface from side pointing viewing element 116.

Reference is now made to FIG. 2, which shows a cross-sectional view of a bending section 200 of a multi-viewing elements endoscope, such as multi-viewing elements endoscope 100 of FIG. 1. A plurality of steering cable eyes, such as four eyes 208, are positioned on the internal walls of bending section 200. Through these eyes 208, steering cables are threaded to enable the maneuvering of bending section 200.

Bending section 200, in an embodiment, comprises a working channel 202, through which surgical tools are inserted, a fluid channel 206, through which fluids and/or liquids are infused, and an electrical channel 204 with a plurality of electrical cables threaded through it, for transmitting video signals from the viewing elements and for supplying power to the viewing elements and the discrete illuminators.

Reference is now made to FIG. 3, which shows a multi-viewing elements endoscopy system 300. System 300 comprises a multi-viewing elements endoscope 302. Multi-viewing elements endoscope 302 comprises a handle 304 from which an elongated shaft 306 emerges. Elongated shaft 306 terminates with a tip section 308 which is turnable by way of a bending section 310. In an embodiment, handle 304 is used for maneuvering elongated shaft 306 within a body cavity; the handle comprises one or more knobs and/or switches 305 which control bending section 310 as well as functions such as fluid injection and suction. Handle 304 further comprises a working channel opening 312 through which surgical tools are inserted.

A utility cable 314 connects handle 304 and a controller 316. Utility cable 314 comprises therein one or more fluid channels and one or more electrical channels. The electrical channel(s) comprises at least one data cable for receiving video signals from the front and side-pointing viewing elements, as well as at least one power cable for providing electrical power to the viewing elements and to the discrete illuminators.

In an embodiment, one or more input devices, such as a keyboard 318, is connected to controller 316 for the purpose of human interaction with the controller 316. Also in an embodiment, a display 320 is connected to controller 316 and configured to display images and/or video streams received from the viewing elements of multi-viewing elements endoscope 302.

FIG. 4A shows a cross section of an exemplary embodiment of a control unit 4010 for an endoscope. The control unit 4010 is incorporated into the handle of the endoscope. This example exhibits a locking or braking means for the movements right-left (R-L) as well as up-down (U-D). It would be appreciated that the operating elements are of concentric design and thus permit simple and intuitive operation.

The control unit 4010 comprises a first shaft 4020 that is connected at its proximal end to a first operating knob 4030. At its distal end, the shaft 4020 is connected to a first cable drum 4040. The cable drum 4040 is attached to a first cable pair (not shown), which is further attached with an articulation unit (not shown) of the endoscope. As explained earlier, the deflection of the articulation unit can be controlled for manoeuvring and fixing the position of the endoscope tip. In an embodiment, the first cable pair connected to the cable drum 4040 is arranged for moving the articulation unit in the direction R-L or U-D. If, for example, the first cable pair is arranged to provide a R-L movement, the corresponding movement of the articulation unit can be triggered by moving the first operating knob 4030.

In one embodiment, at least a part of the first shaft 4020 is designed as a hollow shaft in the area of the first operating knob 4030. In one embodiment, at least one radial opening is provided in the wall of the hollow shaft, which is occupied by a brake body 4090. The brake body 4090 can be shifted radially in the opening. In one embodiment, a plurality of brake bodies 4090 is provided.

In one embodiment, to achieve locking of the first shaft 4020, a brake knob 4005 of concentric design is provided above the first operating knob 4030. The brake knob 4005 is rotatable about its center axis. The braking system further comprises a first pin 4110 that extends into the hollow section of the first shaft 4020. The first pin 4110 is mounted to counter the force of a first spring 4100 that is supported on the first shaft 4020. Here the components are arranged relative to each other such that the first pin 4110 can be forced out of the hollow-shaft section by means of the first spring 4100. The first pin 4110 further exhibits a tapered section 4115 that receives the brake body/bodies 4090 in a first position. This first position of the brake body 4090 is shown in FIG. 4A.

The first pin 4110 can be moved from this first position into a second position by means of translation and/or rotation, counter to the force of the first spring 4100 that is supported on the first shaft 4020. When moved from the first position to the second position, the first pin 4110 acts on the brake body 4090 in such a manner that it is partly forced downward through the opening of the shaft 4020 and is pressed against a first stationary sleeve 4080 that is arranged between the first shaft 4020 and a second shaft 4050.

This frictional connection between the brake body 4090 and the first stationary sleeve 4080 locks the first shaft 4020, thus braking the articulation unit in the R-L direction. It would be appreciated that the setting of the articulation unit relative to the R-L direction can be readjusted or finally adjusted after braking by overcoming the friction of the brake body 4090 and the first stationary sleeve 4080, wherein the level of the frictional force is predetermined by the pretension of the first spring 4100 that puts pressure on the first pin 4110 in an upward direction out of the hollow-shaft section.

In one embodiment, the first pin 4110 is held in the first position in a latching device that has to be overcome initially for the first pin 4110 to be brought into the second position. This allows the user operating the control unit to receive a touch-feedback on tightening and releasing the brake.

FIG. 4B illustrates a close-up cross-sectional view of an alternative arrangement of a first shaft 4020 a and a first stationary sleeve 4080 a within a control unit 4010 a, in accordance with an embodiment of the present specification. FIG. 4C illustrates an expanded cross-sectional view of the first shaft 4020 a within the control unit 4010 a depicted in FIG. 4B. Referring now to FIGS. 4B and 4C simultaneously, a first shaft 4020 a and a first stationary sleeve 4080 a arrangement are shown within control unit 4010 a. In an embodiment, a proximal portion of first shaft 4020 a includes a space 4006. In some embodiments, space 4006 is configured to receive first pin 4110 a. In various embodiments, the first pin 4110 a comprises an elongated member having an external surface area configured to be slidably received within space 4006. First pin 4110 a is sized such that it is capable of rotating within space 4006. In one embodiment, first pin 4110 a further comprises a tapered section 4115 a that includes one or more pin openings 4002 a configured to receive brake body/bodies 4090 a in a first position. In another embodiment (not shown), the section of the first pin including one or more pin openings is not tapered.

This first position of the brake body 4090 a is shown in FIG. 4B, wherein the braking mechanism is engaged. In one embodiment, at least one radial shaft opening 4112 a is provided in the first shaft 4020 a, such that radial shaft opening 4112 a is aligned with pin opening 4002 a of pin 4110 a. In various embodiments, radial shaft opening 4112 a is elongated and cylindrically shaped. In various embodiments, the brake body 4090 a comprises an elongate member sized to fit within said radial shaft opening 4112 a. Brake body 4090 a may be perpendicularly aligned to the first shaft 4020 a and first pin 4110 a. Pin opening 4002 a may support the alignment of brake body 4090 a such that brake body 4090 a extends perpendicularly outwards from the first pin 4110 a. Brake body 4090 a can be shifted longitudinally and radially relative to the first stationary sleeve 4080 a.

Rotational movement of the brake knob 4005 a in a first direction is translated into distal movement of the first pin 4110 a into space 4006, resulting in the brake body/bodies 4090 a sliding within said radial shaft opening 4112 a and said pin opening 4002 a and shifting distally within said space 4006. As the brake bodies 4090 a shift distally, they come into contact with an inner surface 4081 a of said first stationary sleeve 4080 a, enabling the locking mechanism. Rotational movement of the brake knob 4005 a in a second direction opposite said first direction moves allows the compression force of spring 4100 a to push said first pin 4110 a in a proximal direction, resulting in sliding movement and proximal movement of said brake body/bodies 4090 a away from said inner surface 4081 a, eliminating the contact between said brake body/bodies 4090 a and said sleeve 4080 a, thus disabling the braking mechanism. Though sleeve 4080 a is depicted in FIG. 4B as having a varying wall thickness, other embodiments are envisioned wherein sleeve 4080 a has a consistent wall thickness throughout its length, and wall thickness is not intended to contribute to the functioning of the braking mechanism.

In one embodiment, a plurality of brake bodies 4090 a is provided, each through a different shaft opening 4112 a and pin opening 4002 a. Referring to FIG. 4D, in an embodiment having three brake bodies 4090 a, the central axis of any one of the three brake bodies 4090 a is positioned approximately 120 degrees from the central axis of the adjacent brake body 4090 a. FIG. 4D illustrates a perspective view of the respective positions of three brake bodies 4090 a within first shaft 4020 a, in accordance with some embodiments of the specification. Elongated brake bodies 4090 a extend radially outwards through pin openings 4002 a in the wall of first shaft 4020 a. In other embodiments, the control unit includes two, three, or more brake bodies.

In the embodiments depicted in FIGS. 4B through 4D, brake body 4090 a is slightly elongated as compared to the brake body 4090 depicted in FIG. 4A. In addition, a width of the first shaft 4020 a is increased relative to a width of shaft 4020 of FIG. 4A to accommodate the longer brake bodies 4090 a. An elongated length 4004 of brake body 4090 a provides increased torque for braking. In embodiments, brake body 4090 may have a length in the range of 3-4 millimetres (mm). In various embodiments, elongated brake body 4090 a may have a length between 4 to 10 mm, between 7 to 8 mm, or any other length in the range of 4 to 10 mm. Radial opening 4002 a within the wall of first shaft 4020 a extends along a thickness 4004 of wall of first shaft 4020 a. In embodiments, thickness 4004 must be sufficient to support the length of brake body 4090 a. Therefore, thickness 4004 may be similar to length of brake body 4090 a.

FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate a latching mechanism 5000 incorporated in the endoscope braking system for facilitating freewheeling and arrest operation for controlling the right-left movement of the endoscope tip, in accordance with an embodiment of the present specification. In one embodiment, as is shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, holding the first pin 5110 in the latching mechanism can be achieved by having a control pin 5113 that extends outwardly from an outer surface of the first pin 5110. The control pin 5113 is received in a control section or groove 5114 that extends in a spiral form from a lower portion to an upper portion in the shaft 5020 and at the same time effects a rotation and a shift. Basically, the control section 5114 is formed as a guide introduced into the wall of the shaft 5020. A recess 5115 is formed in the lower portion of the guide into which the control pin 5113 can latch on account of the force of the first spring and be pressed out again therefrom. FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate a first and a second position of the control pin 5113 within the control section 5114, respectively. Referring to FIG. 5A, the control pin 5113 is in the first position and free to move within the guide of the control section 5114. When the control pin 5113 is in the first position, the first spring (4100 in FIG. 4) is relaxed, the shaft 5020 does not press against the first stationary sleeve (4080 in FIG. 4), and R-L braking is not engaged. Referring to FIG. 5B, the control pin 5113 is in the second position, engaged within the recess 5115 of the control section 5114. When the control pin 5113 is in the second position, the first spring (4100 in FIG. 4) is compressed, the shaft 5020 is pressed against the first stationary sleeve (4080 in FIG. 4), and R-L braking is engaged.

Referring back to FIG. 4, the control unit 4010 exhibits a second shaft 4050 that is connected at its proximal end to a second operating knob 4060 and at its distal end to a second cable drum 4070 for attaching a second cable pair (not shown) that is attached with the articulation unit (not shown). The cable pair that is connected to the second cable drum 4070 is designed to move the articulation unit in the direction U-D, such that a U-D movement of the articulation unit can be effected by moving the second operating knob 4060.

In one embodiment, the second shaft 4050 is advantageously designed as a hollow shaft and the first shaft 4020/4020 a is positioned within, or penetrates, the second shaft 4050, providing a concentric design. In various embodiments, a compact control unit is obtained due to this concentric design.

The second operating knob 4060 exhibits a braking device wherein the second shaft 4050 is in contact with a brake disc 4120. In one embodiment, the brake disc 4120 can be fixed up to a predetermined desired degree by means of a frictional connection.

In one embodiment, at least a section of the second shaft 4050 is surrounded by a second stationary sleeve 4130 and a brake base 4075 (also seen in FIGS. 6A and 6B) that exhibits a first control edge. Further, a brake lid 4140 is provided that is mounted to counter the force of a second spring 4150 that is supported about the second stationary sleeve 4130, and exhibits a second control edge that supports the second spring 4150 between itself and the first control edge of the base 4075. A brake bushing 4195 is also positioned between the brake lid 4140 and brake base 4075 and can be brought from a first position into a second position by means of translation and/or rotation counter to the force of the spring 4150 that is supported on the second stationary sleeve 4130. In one embodiment, said translation and/or rotation is effectuated by rotation of a brake handle 4014. On account of the geometry resulting from the control edges, the brake bushing 4195 in the first position does not produce any effect on the brake disc 4120, while in the second position, the brake bushing 4195 exerts pressure on the brake disc 4120 and thus fixes the position of the second shaft 4050.

The braking process is particularly effective if the brake disc 4120 is clamped in between the brake lid 4140 and the second stationary sleeve 4130, or if a further brake element is connected to it.

This frictional connection between the brake disc 4120 and the brake lid 4140 and brake bushing 4195 locks the second shaft 4050 and thus the setting of the articulation unit in the U-D direction. Here, too, the level of the frictional force is predetermined by the pretension of the second spring 4150 that presses the brake bushing 4195 against the brake disc 4120.

In one embodiment, a sealing element exists between the first shaft 4020/4020 a and the first stationary sleeve 4080/4080 a. Also, since the brake lid 4140 is part of a housing that surrounds the brake disc 4120, it is sealed using sealing means, so that both locking devices are protected against the ingress of moisture.

This produces a control unit 4010 that is simple in design and watertight, and maintains a haptically recognisable separation between freewheeling and locking and is easy to operate.

In various embodiments, five components, namely, a brake bushing, a brake drum, a brake disc, a second compression spring and a lid are responsible for causing a braking action arresting a movement of the endoscope tip in a U-D direction. FIGS. 6A and 6B illustrate cross-sectional side views and top down views of a portion of the braking system of an endoscope causing a freewheeling and arrest operation of the endoscope tip in an up-down (U-D) direction, in accordance with an embodiment of the present specification.

As illustrated in FIGS. 6A and 6B, all components of the braking system are arranged in parallel. A brake bushing 6002 and a lid 6004 are shaped with negative indentations 6006 and positive indentations, or protrusions 6009, respectively. A brake disc 6008 is positioned between the brake bushing 6002 and the lid 6004 and all the three parts are compressed by a second compression spring 6007.

In a freewheeling position, as seen in FIG. 6A, the negative indentations 6006 of the brake bushing 6002 and the protrusions 6009 of the lid 6004 are positioned away from one another, creating a small gap 6018 and allowing the brake disc 6008 to move freely. A square head (not shown) connects the brake disc 6008 to a U-D control wheel, which enables the U-D movement of the endoscope tip. The square head is part of the U-D control wheel which fits into a square hole 6010 in the brake disc 6008, operatively coupling the U-D control wheel and the brake disc 6008.

A braking effect for fixing the endoscope tip position in a desired location is triggered by using a brake handle 6014. In an embodiment, the turning of the handle 6014 between two snapping positions (freewheeling and braking positions) is limited to an angle of 40°. FIG. 6B illustrates the up-down braking system with the brake engaged. The brake handle 6014 includes a base 6015 which is screwed on to a brake drum 6016 and changes the position of the brake drum 6016 and lid 6004 relative to the brake bushing 6002 when rotated counter-clockwise. The protrusions 6009 slide into the negative indentations 6006, the gap 6018 is eliminated and the brake bushing 6002 is compressed up to the lid 6004 by spring power of the second compression spring 6007. As illustrated in FIG. 6A, a small gap 6018 between the brake disc 6008 and the lid 6004 is maintained during the freewheeling operation, allowing the brake disc 6008 to move freely. In FIG. 6B, the gap 6018 is eliminated and the brake disc 6008 is fixed to the lid 6004 when the braking effect is activated.

FIG. 6C illustrates a cross-sectional side view and a top down view of a handle 6030 of an endoscope depicting one embodiment of an up-down (U-D) braking system disengaged. The brake handle 6014 is in its disengaged position and the protrusions of the lid are not aligned with the negative indentations 6006 of the bushing. In this configuration, the up-down control wheel 6012 is free to move.

FIG. 6D illustrates a cross-sectional side view and a top down view of a handle 6030 of an endoscope depicting one embodiment of an up-down (U-D) braking system engaged. The brake handle 6014 has been rotated into its engaged position and the protrusions 6009 of the lid are snapped into the indentations of the bushing. In this configuration, the up-down control wheel 6012 is fixed.

After the brake is actuated, it is still possible to move the U-D control wheel 6012 with slightly increased force and thus to bring the tip of a distal end of the endoscope into a desired position. In an embodiment, in order to deactivate the braking effect and achieve the freewheeling operation, the U-D knob is rotated in a clockwise direction through a 40 degree angle and a force is applied, thereby causing the protrusions to snap out of the negative indentations.

Hence, the present specification provides a braking system for use with an endoscope for maneuvering the tip of a distal end of an endoscope insertion tube. The endoscope tip may be easily moved in an up down as well as right left direction by using the braking system of the present specification. Further, the braking system enables smooth transition between smooth directional readjustment of right and left (or up and down) movement of the insertion tube tip after applying brake for fixing the end position. The braking system provided is a watertight system that provides a complete separation between freewheeling and locking operations.

The above examples are merely illustrative of the many applications of the system of present invention. Although only a few embodiments of the present invention have been described herein, it should be understood that the present invention might be embodied in many other specific forms without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the present examples and embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive. 

1. A control unit providing a braking system for an articulation unit of endoscope, said control unit comprising: a first shaft having a first end and a second end, the first end being coupled with a first operating knob, the second end being coupled with a first cable drum and a first cable pair that are coupled with the articulation unit of the endoscope, wherein at least a portion of the first shaft in proximity to the first operating knob includes a space; a second hollow shaft having a first end and a second end, the first end being coupled with a second operating knob, the second end being coupled with a second cable drum and a second cable pair that are coupled with the articulation unit of the endoscope, wherein the first shaft is positioned within the second shaft; a brake knob rotatable about its center axis; a stationary sleeve arranged between the first and the second shafts; a spring supported by the first shaft in proximity to the first end of the first shaft; a pin extending into the space of the first shaft and coupled to said brake knob by the spring, wherein said pin has a first position and a second position; and at least one brake body extending outwardly from said pin, wherein said at least one brake body does not press against the stationary sleeve when the pin is in the first position; wherein the pin is movable from the first position into the second position by rotational motion of said brake knob in a first rotational direction and compression of said spring, wherein said at least one brake body becomes pressed against said stationary sleeve when said pin is in said second position, thereby locking said first shaft and braking the articulation unit in a predetermined direction, and wherein said pin is movable from said second position into said first position by rotational motion of said brake knob in a second rotational direction opposite said first rotational direction, thereby allowing the compressive force of said spring to push said pin into said first position.
 2. The control unit of claim 2, wherein said pin includes at least two brake bodies.
 3. The control unit of claim 1, wherein said predetermined direction is a right/left (R/L) direction.
 4. The control unit of claim 1, wherein said brake knob is of concentric design and positioned above the first operating knob for braking the articulation unit in a predetermined direction.
 5. The control unit of claim 1, wherein the pin is held in the second position by a latching mechanism.
 6. The control unit of claim 5, wherein said latching mechanism comprises a control pin extending outwardly from said pin and a spiral groove having an upper portion and a lower portion with a recess formed in a wall of the first shaft.
 7. The control unit of claim 6, wherein said control pin is free to move within said spiral groove of said latching mechanism when said pin is in said first position.
 8. The control unit of claim 6, wherein said control pin is latched into said recess of said lower portion of said spiral groove when said pin is in said second position.
 9. The control unit as claimed in claim 1, wherein a sealing element is provided between the first shaft and the first stationary sleeve.
 10. A control unit providing a braking system for an articulation unit of endoscope, said control unit comprising: a first shaft having a first end and a second end, the first end being coupled with a first operating knob, the second end being coupled with a first cable drum, a first cable pair, and the articulation unit of the endoscope, at least a portion of the first shaft in proximity of the first operating knob including a space; a second hollow shaft having a first end and a second end, the first end being coupled with a second operating knob, the second end being coupled with a second cable drum, a second cable pair, and the articulation unit of the endoscope, the first shaft is positioned within the second shaft; a brake disc having a central opening through which said second shaft extends, said brake disc being in physical contact with the second shaft; a stationary sleeve surrounding at least a portion of the second shaft; a brake base positioned below said brake disc, having a central opening through which said second shaft extends and comprising a first control edge; a brake lid positioned above said brake base and said brake disc, coupled to said brake base, having a central opening through which said second shaft extends and comprising a second control edge; a spring positioned between said brake base and said brake lid; a brake bushing positioned between said brake base and said brake lid and below said brake disc, having a central opening through which said second shaft extends and being movable vertically between first and second brake bushing positions; and a brake handle attached to said brake base for rotating said brake base and brake lid; wherein said brake bushing is movable from said first position to said second position by rotating said brake handle in a first rotational direction, causing said brake bushing to move upward and compress said brake disc against said brake lid, thereby locking the second shaft and braking the articulation unit in a predetermined direction, further wherein said brake bushing is movable from said second position into said first position by rotational motion of said brake handle in a second rotational direction opposite said first rotational direction, allowing the compressive force of said spring to push said brake bushing into said first position.
 11. The control unit of claim 10, wherein said predetermined direction is an up/down (U/D) direction.
 12. The control unit of claim 10, wherein said brake handle is of concentric design and positioned below the second operating knob for braking the articulation unit in a predetermined direction.
 13. The control unit of claim 10, wherein the brake base, lid, and bushing are supported by a housing surrounding the brake disc.
 14. The control unit of claim 10, wherein the brake bushing comprises negative indentations on a surface for fitting into one or more positive indentations on a surface of the lid, compressing the brake bushing and the brake disc to the lid in the second position of the brake bushing.
 15. The control unit of claim 14, wherein, in the first position of the brake bushing, the negative indentations on the surface of the brake bushing are not aligned with the positive indentations on the surface of the lid and the brake disc is freely movable.
 16. An endoscope comprising a braking system for an articulation unit of the endoscope, said braking system comprising: a first shaft having a first end and a second end, the first end being coupled with a first operating knob, the second end being coupled with a first cable drum that is coupled with a first cable pair that is coupled with the articulation unit of the endoscope, at least a portion of the first shaft in proximity of the first operating knob having a space; a second hollow shaft having a first end and a second end, the first end being coupled with a second operating knob, the second end being coupled with a second cable drum that is coupled with a second cable pair that is coupled with the articulation unit of the endoscope, the first shaft is positioned within the second shaft; a right/left movement controller unit comprising: a brake knob rotatable about its center axis; a first stationary sleeve arranged between the first and the second shafts; a first spring being supported by the first shaft in proximity to the first end; a pin having a tapered distal end and extending into the space of the first shaft in a first pin position; and three brake bodies extending outwardly from said pin and positioned equidistant from one another about a periphery of said pin; wherein the pin is movable from the first pin position into a second pin position further into the space of the first shaft by rotational motion of said brake knob in a first brake knob rotational direction and compression of said first spring, wherein each of said brake bodies becomes pressed against said first stationary sleeve when said pin is in said second pin position, thereby locking said first shaft and braking the articulation unit in a first predetermined direction; further wherein said pin is movable from said second pin position into said first pin position by rotational motion of said brake knob in a second brake knob rotational direction opposite said first brake knob rotational direction, allowing the compressive force of said first spring to push said pin into said first pin position.
 17. The endoscope of claim 16, wherein said braking system further comprises an up/down movement controller unit comprising: a brake disc having a central opening through which said second shaft extends, said brake disc being in physical contact with the second shaft; a second stationary sleeve surrounding at least a portion of the second shaft; a brake base positioned below said brake disc, having a central opening through which said second shaft extends and comprising a first control edge; a brake lid positioned above said brake base and said brake disc, coupled to said brake base, having a central opening through which said second shaft extends and comprising a second control edge; a second spring positioned between said brake base and said brake lid; a brake bushing positioned between said brake base and said brake lid and below said brake disc, having a central opening through which said second shaft extends and being movable vertically between first and second brake bushing positions; and a brake handle attached to said brake base for rotating said brake base and brake lid; wherein said brake bushing is movable from said first brake bushing position to said second brake bushing position by rotating said brake handle in a first brake handle rotational direction, causing said brake bushing to move upward and compress said brake disc against said brake lid, thereby locking the second shaft and braking the articulation unit in a second predetermined direction, further wherein said brake bushing is movable from said second brake bushing position into said first brake bushing position by rotational motion of said brake handle in a second brake handle rotational direction opposite said first brake handle rotational direction, allowing the compressive force of said second spring to push said brake bushing into said first brake bushing position.
 18. The control unit of claim 16, wherein said pin is held in the second pin position by a latching mechanism.
 19. The control unit of claim 18, wherein said latching mechanism comprises a control pin extending outwardly from said pin and a spiral groove having an upper portion and a lower portion with a recess formed in a wall of the first shaft.
 20. The control unit of claim 19, wherein said control pin is free to move within said spiral groove of said latching mechanism when said pin is in said first position and said control pin is latched into said recess of said lower portion of said spiral groove when said pin is in said second position. 21-22. (canceled) 